Making the logical connection

28.06.2010

Monarch butterfly. Photo: Clinton & Charles Robertson from Del Rio, Texas & College Station, TX, USA

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Do you find yourself reading texts that contain many words you don't know? Learn to find essential clues to narrow down and work out their meaning in context and save yourself the time of looking up individual words. Here are phrases that make logical connections between the words you know and the ones you don't, as pointed out by Marisa Constantinides:

Connection	Explanation	Phrases
Equivalence	Say the same thing again using other words	In other words, I mean, to put it another way, that is
General/ specific	Give an example, specify	for example, such as, for instance, more specifically, in particular
Compare/ contrast	Focus on similarities and differences	like/ unlike, on the other hand, by contrast, but, however, on the contrary, although, while, yet
Method/ purpose	Explain how or why something is done	in order to, for the purpose of, so that, firstly, secondly
Cause/ result	Describe the cause or the result/effect	as a result, as a consequence, so, so that, therefore